Prevalence of myopia of primary and middle school students in Beijing from 2018 to 2021 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the vision status of primary and secondary school students in Beijing, in order to provide scientific reference for myopia prevention and control.@*Methods@#From 2018 to 2021, a stratified cluster sampling method was used to monitor myopia among 191 293 primary and secondary school students selected from 6 urban areas and 10 suburban areas in Beijing. Myopic screening was in accordance with the "standards for children and adolescents myopic screening", and was measured by an automatic desktop computer optometer under non-cycloplegic conditions. Statistical analysis was used by Chi-square test.@*Results@#The total myopia rate of primary and middle school students in Beijing from 2018 to 2021 were 60.7%, 57.6%, 59.2% and 59.7%, respectively. In 2018, the myopia rates of primary school students, middle school students, regular high school students and vocational high school students were 38.3%, 77.3%, 88.3% and 73.2% respectively. In 2019, they were 34.7%, 76.4%, 87.7% and 72.0%, respectively; in 2020, they were 37.5%, 76.8%, 86.8%, 74.9%; in 2021, they were 38.7%, 77.4%, 86.5% and 74.9 % respectively. Significant differences in educational stage were observed ( χ 2=7 386.07, 11 104.28, 9 850.08, 9 714.59, P <0.01). From 2018 to 2021, the overall myopia rate of girls (62.1%) was higher than that of boys (56.5%)( χ 2=613.75, P <0.01). The myopia rate of girls were higher than that of boys in each year, and significant differences in educational stage were observed, respectively( χ 2=120.47, 163.47, 168.01, 162.24, P <0.01). The overall myopia rate of urban students(63.0%) was higher than that of suburban students (56.0%)( χ 2=978.82, P <0.01). The myopia rate of urban students were higher than that of suburban students every year, and significant differences in educational stage were observed, respectively ( χ 2=86.71, 240.96, 302.56, 409.30 , P < 0.01 ).@*Conclusion@#The detection rate of myopia rate of primary and middle school students in Beijing is still high. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and intervention of poor visual acuity in primary and middle school students, especially among urban area students, with the aim of effectively control and reduction in the myopia rate, and the improvement of student visual health.

Effect of Extra-corporeal Membrane Cxygenation Combined With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Cardiac Arrest Patients due to Acute Myocardial Infarction / 中国循环杂志

Objectives:To investigate the clinical efficacy and influencing factors on clinical outcome of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) combined with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on cardiac arrest patients due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods:The clinical data of 37 cardiac arrest patients post AMI who underwent ECMO combined with emergency PCI therapy strategies from January 2015 to January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data of the surviving group (17 cases) and the death group (20 cases) were compared and the outcome determinants were investigated. Results:37 patients were successfully treated with emergency PCI with the help of ECMO device, and the successful operation rate was 100%. The survival rate was 45.9% (17/37). There was no significant difference in gender, age and past history between the two groups (P＞0.05). The proportion of right coronary artery lesion was the highest (47.06%) in the surviving group, and the percent of the left anterior descending coronary artery lesion was the highest (60.00%) in the death group. Most patients (70.0%) in the death group had three vessel lesions and around half the patients (52.9%) in the surviving group had two-vessel lesions. The time of traditional cardiopulmonary resuscitation ([31.4±5.2] min vs [54.6±25.7] min),the time from cardiac arrest to ECMO ([47.5±19.5] h vs [93.6±60.5] h) were significantly shorter, while CCU time (16.0[8.7, 32.6] d vs 4.0[2.0, 12.0] d) was significantly longer in the surviving group compared to the death group (all P＜0.05). The mean arterial pressure at 24 h and 48 h after ECMO was significantly higher in the surviving group (89.6±21.9,87.9±19.4) than in the death group (71.8±19.3, 63.7±18.6) (both P＜0.05). Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that left anterior descending artery lesion (OR=0.723, 95%CI:0.516~0.947), higher lesion vessel number (OR=1.638,95%CI:1.107~1.729), longer cardiopulmonary resuscitation time (OR=0.712, 95%CI:0.436~0.973), prolonged cardiac arrest to ECMO placement time (OR=0.698, 95%CI:0.411~0.859) were risk factors of death, and the higher MBP at 48 h after ECMO (OR=0.672,95%CI:0.326~0.693) was the protective factor of death (all P＜0.05) in this patient cohort. Conclusions:ECMO combined with emergency PCI is safe and can improve the success rate of rescue in patients with cardiac arrest after acute myocardial infarction.

The long-term efficacy of PEG-IFN in treatment of chronic hepatitis C with IL28B rs12979860 C/C genotype / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the long-term efficacy of PEG-IFN alpha-2a (PEG-IFNα-2a)plus ribavirin (RBV)in treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC)patients with IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)rs12979860 C/C type in different HCV genotypes.Methods A prospective study was conducted on 38 CHC patients from our hospital's Infection Department from March 2011 to September 2015.The patients were treated with PEG-IFNα-2a/RBV for 48 weeks.A 42-month follow-up of patients was performed after withdrawal of treatment.The main paramenters to value the efficacy were liver function,blood lipids,and sustained virological response (SVR).Results In the CHC patients with IL28B SNP rs12979860 C/C type,the rate of SVR in patients with antiviral therapy had no significant difference between groups 1b and 2a (73.33% and 95.65%,respectively, P＞0.05).After anti-HCV therapy,liver function indices such as ALT,AST,TBIL,TC,TG and HDL all significantly improved in the two groups (all P＜0.05).However,there was no difference in biochemical indices (ALT,GGT,bilirubin,blood lipids)between the two groups (all P＞0.05).Conclusion In CHC patients with IL28B SNP rs12979860 C/C type,the long-term efficacy of PEG-IFNα-2a/RBV is good.IFN-based antiviral therapy has a higher SVR rate,and liver function and lipid metabolism can be significantly improved.

Research Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of the Invasion and Metastasis of Lung Cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

The basic way of invasion and metastasis of lung cancer is that the tumor cells shed in the extracellular matrix, invade the basement membrane and the surrounding tissue, infiltrate into blood flow, and then survive and transport via the blood flow. After having been extravasated, migrated and arrested in the distant site, they finally form a metastatic lesion. Some basic mechanisms are required in these steps, such as tumor stem cells, diffusion and activity of tumor cells, escaping from apoptosis, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, infiltration into blood flow, circulation and exudation, and distant metastasis proliferation. A better understanding of the mechanisms of the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer will facilitate the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.

New Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis / 中国医学科学院学报

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is one of major pulmonary fungal diseases. Although it is not a rare in clinical settings,the misdiagnosis rate is high and the treatment effectiveness remains unstable. This article reviews the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Distribution of HCV genotypes in Chinese Han population with chronic hepatitis C / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution of HCV genotypes in Chinese Han population with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This randomized multicenter study included 1 014 CHC patients from 28 hospitals in different regions of China. SPSS 20.0 was applied to analyze the relationship among region, HCV genotype, gender and the replication level of HCV-RNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HCV 1 genotype (56.80%) was the most common genotype. The majority of CHC patients were of genotype 1, 2, 3, 6 in the order of frequency, except those in southwestern, southern and central China. HCV 1, 2, 3, 6 genotypes were most common among male patients in southern China; among female patients in northern China; among male patients in northern and northwestern China and among male patients in northwestern China, respectively (all P <0.05). There was no statistical significance between different genders in other regions. The high viral load was more common than the low viral load among HCV 1, 2, 3, 6 genotype-infected patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are different distributions of HCV genotypes among the different regions. In addition, HCV genotypes are correlated with gender and HCV-RNA load.</p>

Protective Effects of Cornus Officinalis Total Glycosides and Cornus Polysaccharides on Myocardial Mitochondria of Acute Myocardial Infarction Rats: an Experimental Study / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Cornus Officinalis total glycosides (COTG) and Cornus polysaccharides (CP) on myocardial mitochondria and expression levels of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The AMI rat model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery. Rats were divided into 5 groups according to random digit table, i.e., the sham-operation group, the model group, the COTG prevention group, the CP treatment group, the COTG treatment group, 12 in each group. Normal saline was administered to rats in the normal control group and the model group by gastrogavage. Corresponding medication was respectively administered to rats in the rest 3 groups by gastrogavage. The cardiac function was detected by echocardiography and hemodynamics. The infarct size was determined by Masson trichrome staining. The expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes such as a subunit of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α), PGC-1β, nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), and GSK-3P mRNA were detected by Real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the sham-operation group, the myocardial infarction size increased, cardiac function decreased, the expression of PGC-1α, PGC-1β, and NRF-1 mRNA decreased, and the expression of GSK-3β mRNA increased (all P <0. 05). Compared with the model group, myocardial infarction sizes were reduced, cardiac function was improved, the expression of NRF-1 mRNA was elevated in the COTG prevention group, the CP treatment group, the COTG treatment group; the expression of the PGC-1α and PGC-1β mRNA was elevated in the COTG prevention group and the CP treatment group; the expression of GSK-3β mRNA was reduced in the CP treatment group (all P <0. 05). Compared with the CP prevention group, fractional shortening (FS) and aortic systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased in the CP treatment group; ejection fraction (EF) decreased in the CP treatment group; the expression of PGC-1α, PGC-1β, NRF-1 mRNA were reduced in the the CP treatment group and the COTG treatment group; the expression of GSK-3β mRNA decreased in the CP treatment group (all P <0. 05). Compared with the COTG treatment group, FS, EF, left ventricular end systolic pressure (LVESP), SBP, and the expression of GSK-3β mRNA were reduced in the CP treatment group (P <0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>COTG and CP could improve cardiac function, reduce the myocardial infarction area, and promote biogenesis of myocardial mitochondria. Their protective effects on the mitochondria of cadiocytes might be achieved by GSK-3β signalina pathway.</p>

Expression and significance of mRNA and protein of eIF4E, p-eIF4E and MCl-1 in pathological scar / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the expression of eIF4E, p-eIF4E (Ser 209) and Mcl-1 gene in the pathological scars and to investigate its role and its probable mechanism in the pathogenesis of abnormal scar.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Quantitative real-time PCR and Western Blot was performed to detect the expression and distribution of mRNA and protein of eIF4E and Mcl-1 in hypertrophic scar (10 cases), keloid (10 cases), normal scar (10 cases), and normal skin (10 cases). Western Blot was performed to detect the expression and distribution of protein of p-eIF4E in hypertrophic scar (10 cases), keloid (10 cases), normal scar (10 cases), and normal skin (10 cases).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of eIF4E mRNA and protein were 1.38 +/- 0.45, 1.23 +/- 0.23 in the normal skin (10 cases); 5.400 +/- 0.450, 5.460 +/- 0.460 in normal scar (10 cases); 0.597 +/- 0.060, 0.590 +/- 0.040 in hypertrophic scar (10 cases) and 0.694 +/- 0.066, 0.697 +/- 0.022 in keloid (10 cases). The expression of p-eIF4E protein in the normal skin (10 cases), normal scar (10 cases), hypertrophic scar (10 cases), and keloid (10 cases) were 0.202 +/- 0.037, 0.216 +/- 0.019, 0.426 +/- 0.026, 0.433 +/- 0.027. The expression of Mcl-1 mRNA and protein were 1.510 +/- 0.660, 1.400 +/- 0.530 in the normal skin (10 cases); 6.65 +/- 0.85, 7.23 +/- 1.53 in normal scar (10 cases); 0.589 +/- 0.059, 0.660 +/- 0.063 in hypertrophic scar (10 cases) and 0.870 +/- 0.118, 0.914 +/- 0.064 in the keloid (10 cases). The positive rate of mRNA and protein of eIF4E and Mcl-1 was not statistically different between the hypertrophic scar and keloid (P > 0.05), while they were all remarkably significant between normal scar and abnormal scar (P < 0.05). The phosphorylation of eIF4E in pathological scar was higher than that in control group. In pathological scar, mRNA and protein of eIF4E and Mcl-1 showed a strong positive correlation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The result indicates that the expression of eIF4E, p-eIF4E and Mcl-1 is increased in pathological scar. eIF4E plays an important role in pathological scar. Its activity is regulated by its phosphorylation. Therefore, eIF4E, p-eIF4E and Mcl-1 overexpression may play an important role in the proliferation of fibroblasts and in the pathogenesis of pathological scar.</p>

Drug-eluting stent implantation for unprotected left main coronary artery disease: immediate and long-term outcomes / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in selective patients with left main coronary artery disease.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>From October 2002 to November 2007, 44 consecutive patients underwent percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) on left main coronary artery lesions, including 5 patients with concurrent left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction<40%), 2 with chronic respiratory dysfunction and 5 with chronic renal failure. The findings in coronary angiography, procedural success rate, severe complications and the follow-up results of the patients were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The immediate procedural success rate was 100% in these patients without any severe complications. No non-fatal acute myocardial infarction or emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was performed and death occurred in none of the cases during hospitalization. In the follow-up period for 14.2-/+9.3 (6-65) months after PCI, no subacute or late thromboses were found. One patient died from heart failure 4 months after PCI, and 6 patients (13.6%) experienced recurrent angina. Thirty-seven patients (84.1%) were free of any major cardiovascular events (MACE) after the procedure. A repeat coronary angiography was performed in 35 patients (79.5%) within 6 months after PCI, and 3 (8.6%) of them were confirmed to have restenosis, including 1 patient with distal bifurcation restenosis who were subsequently treated with CABG and two patients with side-branch ostium restenosis managed with cutting balloon dilation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Implantation of drug-eluting stents is safe and effective for management of left main coronary artery disease with good immediate and long-term outcomes.</p>